A corner cube prism — also called a retroreflector or trihedral prism — has three mutually perpendicular reflecting surfaces meeting at a single point, like the inside corner of a cube. That geometry reflects any incoming beam straight back parallel to its original direction, no matter what angle it arrives at. Key...
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A dove prism is a truncated right-angle prism used to invert an image without changing the direction of the beam. Its standout property is rotational: turn the prism around its long axis, and the transmitted image rotates at twice the prism's rotation rate — which makes it a compact, purely optical image...
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A penta prism is a five-sided prism that deviates a beam by exactly 90°, without inverting or reversing the image. Unlike a right-angle prism, a penta prism keeps that 90° deviation constant even if the prism is slightly misaligned — which is exactly why it shows up in alignment and viewfinder optics....
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